ANALISIS PENGARUH PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS EKONOMI DAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN NASIONAL DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2015-2024

Authors

  • Amandha Mutyara Universitas Sriwijaya Author
  • Siti Hanifa Universitas Sriwijaya Author
  • Talkasha Ghaziya Ramadhani Universitas Sriwijaya Author
  • Waldi Noviyarsah Universitas Sriwijaya Author

Keywords:

Economic Growth, Poverty, Income Distribution, Gini Index, OLS

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effect of increased economic activity and poverty levels on income distribution in Indonesia. Income distribution is measured by the Gini Index, with increased economic activity represented by the growth rate of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and poverty levels represented by the percentage of the poor population. This study implemented a quantitative methodology by utilizing secondary data in the form of annual time series sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression based on the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, supported by verification of classical assumptions as well as t-tests, F-tests, and coefficients of determination (R²). Empirical findings revealed that increased economic activity did not show a significant effect on income distribution, as reflected by a probability value of 0.3123. On the other hand, poverty levels had a significant positive impact on income distribution, accompanied by a probability value of 0.0007. Overall, both independent variables simultaneously significantly influenced income distribution, as confirmed by the F-test probability value of 0.001581. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.841623 indicates that 84.16% of the variability in income distribution can be explained by the independent variables included in the model. Therefore, economic development policies are recommended to prioritize poverty alleviation efforts while strengthening economic activity, in order to achieve more inclusive income equality in Indonesia.

References

Ardiani, D. R., & Prabowo, P. S. (2024). Pengaruh kemiskinan, peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi, dan indeks pembangunan manusia terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Independent: Journal of Economics, 4(2), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.26740/independent.v4i2.63277

Ginting, D. A., Hukom, A., Takari, D., & Subianto, P. (2024). Analisis distribusi pendapatan di Indonesia dengan pendekatan path analysis. JEPP: Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan dan Pariwisata, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.52300/jepp.v4i1.13033

Broersen, P. M. T. (2006). Automatic autocorrelation and spectral analysis. Springer.

Budiharta, S., Widyatmoko, D., Irawati, Rugayah, Partomihardjo, T., Ismail, Uji, T., Keim, A. P., & Wilson, K. A. (2011). The processes that threaten Indonesian plants. Oryx, 45(2), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605310001092

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Jarque, C. M., & Bera, A. K. (1987). A test for normality of observations and regression residuals. International Statistical Review, 55(2), 163–172.

Junaidi, Rif’ah, & Indriyani. (2024). Theories of poverty. Jurnal Sosial dan Ekonomi, 4(3), 317–326.

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic development (12th ed.). Pearson Education.

Monica, A., & Darwis, R. H. (2022). Analisis ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dan dampaknya terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Muslim pada Kecamatan Tanete Riattang. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ekonomi, 14(2), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.30863/aliqtishad.v14i2.3069

Mokosolang, C. A., Prang, J. D., & Mananohas, M. L. (2015). Analisis heteroskedastisitas pada data cross section dengan White heteroscedasticity test dan weighted least squares. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 15(2), 45–53.

Nagelkerke, N. J. D. (1991). A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination. Biometrika, 78(3), 691–692.

O’Brien, R. M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & Quantity, 41(5), 673–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6

Rachmawati, L. N., Lubis, F. R. A., & Azzakiyyah, N. A. (2025). Regional income disparities in Indonesia: Insights from the Williamson index and panel data analysis. Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 15(2), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.12928/optimum.v15i2.12953

Rosy Novriyandi, Hakim, D. B., & Rustiadi, E. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan dan ketimpangan pendapatan di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Jurnal Manajemen Pembangunan Daerah, 16(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.29244/jurnal_mpd.v16i1.55595

Safrita, S., Abbas, T., & Yurina, Y. (2021). The effect of economic growth and poverty on income inequality in Indonesia. Journal of Malikussaleh Public Economics, 4(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.29103/jmpe.v4i1.4792

Wardhana, D. (2020). Inequality in Indonesia: Kuznets waves or Kuznets curve? Bappenas Working Papers, 3(2), 168–183. https://doi.org/10.47266/bwp.v3i2.67

Zulkarnain, A., & Satrianto, A. (2023). The effect of financial literacy and financial inclusion on income inequality in Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 21(2), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.22219/jep.v21i02.29327

Downloads

Published

2026-04-30

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.